Solar cell monitoring system (AIPM)
Maintaining solar cell systems.
Solar Farm
Rapid Shutdown is the standard feature for solar panel installations.
Optimizer and solar cell system.
Benefits of installing solar panels.
Which type of solar panel should I choose?
Choose an inverter for your solar panel installation.
Applying for a permit to install solar panels.
Calculate your electricity bill before installing solar panels.
Use BOI incentives to reduce taxes on solar panel installation.
The history of solar cells.
First created in 1954 by Chapin, Fuller, and Pearson of Bell Telephone, solar cells (photovoltaic cells) were developed using a novel p-n junction technology by diffusing materials into silicon crystals. The first solar cell had an efficiency of only 6%, but today, solar cells have been improved to achieve efficiencies exceeding 15%. Initially, most solar cells were used in space projects, such as satellites and spacecraft launched from Earth into orbit.…
Types of solar cells
The solar cells commonly used today can be divided into two main groups:
1. Solar cells made from silicon semiconductor materials are classified according to the characteristics of the crystals formed:
- Crystalline forms are divided into two types:
- Monocrystalline silicon solar cells
- Polycrystalline silicon solar cells
- แบบที่ไม่เป็นรูปผลึก (Amorphous) คือ ชนิดฟิล์มบางอะมอร์ฟัสซิลิคอน
( Amorphous Silicon Solar Cell )
2. Solar cells made from non-silicon compounds.
- These are high-efficiency solar cells, with efficiencies of 25% or higher, but they are very expensive and not commonly used on Earth. Therefore, they are mostly used in satellites and concentrated solar power systems. However, advancements in modern manufacturing processes will reduce costs and lead to increased usage in the future (currently, they account for only 7% of the total solar energy used).
How we combine them (Poly Crystalline Silicon Solar Cell)
A 4-inch diameter silicon solar cell will provide approximately 2-3 amperes of current and an open-circuit voltage of 0.6 volts. Because the current and voltage produced by a single solar cell are not very high, multiple solar cells are connected together to obtain sufficient power for use, forming what is called a solar panel (solar module). The way the solar panels are connected depends on whether the desired current or voltage is needed.
- Connecting solar panels in parallel will increase the amount of electricity generated.
- Connecting solar panels in series will result in a higher voltage.
Key properties and parameters of solar cells.
1. Light Intensity
The electric current is directly proportional to the light intensity. This means that when the light intensity is high, the current obtained from the solar cell will be higher. Meanwhile, the voltage does not vary much with the light intensity. The standard light intensity used for measurement is the light intensity measured on the Earth's surface in clear weather, free from clouds and fog, and measured at sea level with the sun's rays perpendicular to the Earth's surface. This light intensity is equal to 1,000 W per square meter.
2. Temperature
The current will not vary with temperature changes, while the voltage will decrease as the temperature increases. On average, for every 1 °C increase, the voltage will decrease by 0.5%. The standard used to determine the efficiency of a Solar Cell panel is at 25 °C.For example, if it is specified that a solar cell panel has an open-circuit voltage, or Voc, of 21 V at 25 °C, it would mean that</…
- The voltage that will be obtained from the solar panel when not connected to any electrical equipment at a temperature of 25 °C will be 21 V.
- If the temperature is above 25 °C, for example 30 °C, it will cause the voltage of the solar panel to drop by 2.5% (0.5% x 5 °C). That is, the panel voltage at Voc will decrease by 0.525 V (21 V x 2.5%), leaving only 20.475 V (21V – 0.525V).
- In summary, as the temperature increases, the voltage decreases, which in turn reduces the maximum power output of the solar panel.
Electricity generation using solar energy.
Divided into 3 main types.
1. An On-Grid system uses electricity from solar cells in conjunction with electricity from the power grid. Solar panels produce direct current (DC) electricity, which is then fed to an inverter to convert it to alternating current (AC). This AC electricity is then sent to the solar system's electrical panel, which in turn distributes it to the main electrical panel of the house or factory. Currently, On-Grid systems are popular for buildings and factories that use electricity during the daytime because they are easy to install, not excessively expensive, and have a quick return on investment.
2. Off-Grid System: This system uses electricity from solar panels to charge batteries, and then the stored electricity is used to power AC or DC devices. The advantage of having batteries is that they can store electricity for use when there is no sunlight or when electricity is available at night. This can be categorized into two types depending on the devices used: using electricity from solar panels or photovoltaic (PV) to charge batteries, and then using the electricity from the batteries...…
2. The Hybrid
system combines the On Grid and Off Grid systems. It includes a battery system to store energy for use when there is no sunlight. When sunlight is available and electricity is generated, if the excess is used, the system will recharge the batteries for later use. At night, when electricity cannot be generated from the solar cells, the system will first use electricity from the batteries. If this is still insufficient, the system will draw electricity from the batteries.…
What are carbon credits?
What are carbon credits? They are the amount of greenhouse gases reduced or stored from projects registered with T-VER. These are called "carbon credits" and are measured in tons of carbon dioxide equivalent per year. Carbon credits can be exchanged, bought, and sold, and used to report greenhouse gas emission offsets from organizations, individuals, services, or various production activities. There are several types of carbon credits depending on the greenhouse gas reduction mechanism being implemented. The principle of T-VER projects is that they are voluntary greenhouse gas reduction projects. The various processes must...…
